Novel Coronavirus Can Survive in Aerosol Form and on Hard Surfaces for Hours to Days, Study Reveals

BioSpace, by Alex Keown, Mar 18, 2020
[BenIndy editor: Note that aerosol-generating particles CAN be generated in normal coughing.  See this 2015 NIH study.  – R.S.]

CoughAs the world shifts toward a concept of social distancing as part of an attempt to protect against the novel coronavirus, new research is showing the virus that causes COVID-19 is quite stable on hard surfaces, and even in the air.

study conducted by researchers from the National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases (NIAID) reveals that the virus is stable for “hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces.” The results of the study were published in The New England Journal of Medicine. According to the study, in aerosol form, the droplets from a cough, SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 disease, is stable for up to three hours. Depending on environmental factors, the droplets can remain suspended in air, during some or all of this time. On hard surfaces such as copper, the virus is stable for about four hours. On cardboard, the virus is stable for a full day and on plastic and stainless steel, the virus is stable for three days, the researchers discovered. These results suggest that people “acquire the virus through the air and after touching contaminated objects.”

Because of the concerns of the virus surviving in air for some time, the World Health Organization is considering adding “airborne precautions” for medical staff addressing the virus, CNBC reported. Dr. Maria Van Kerkhove, head of WHO’s emerging diseases and zoonosis unit, told reporters that the virus is transmitted through droplets from sneezing or coughing.

“When you do an aerosol-generating procedure like in a medical care facility, you have the possibility to what we call aerosolize these particles, which means they can stay in the air a little bit longer,” Van Kerkhove said, according to CNBC. “It’s very important that health-care workers take additional precautions when they’re working on patients and doing those procedures.”

The study wanted to mimic the ways that the virus can be transmitted from an infected person by coughing or touching objects. The scientists then investigated how long the virus remained infectious on these surfaces.

Much of the data from this study was made public prior to publication in the journal due to the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The National Institute of Allergy and Infection Disease, a division of the National Institutes of Health, sought to compare SARS-CoV-2 to SARS-CoV-1, the virus that causes SARS. SARS-CoV-1 is the human coronavirus most closely related to SARS-CoV-2. The scientists wanted to understand how the environment impacted both strains. SARS-CoV-1 was eradicated by intensive contact tracing and case isolation measures and no cases have been detected since 2004, the NIH noted. However, the scientists quickly pointed out that “in the stability study the two viruses behaved similarly, which unfortunately fails to explain why COVID-19 has become a much larger outbreak.” When SARS-CoV-1 emerged, it infected more than 8,000 people in 2002 and 2003, NIH said. COVID-19 has now infected more than 200,000 people, according to the Johns Hopkins virus tracking map. Of the 201,634 people infected, the majority are in China, Italy and Iran. There are 6,496 cases in the United States. The number of deaths from the disease has now topped 8,000.

Some of the observations from the study have potentially shed light on why COVID-19 is spreading faster than SARS did. The first observation is that infected individuals are likely to spread COVID-19 while being asymptomatic. This makes disease control measures that were effective against SARS-CoV-1 less effective against its successor, the NIH said. That reinforces the idea of social distancing and self-isolation.

While many cases in the United States and abroad have been associated with long-term care facilities and healthcare settings, the researchers said most secondary cases of virus transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be occurring in community settings, as opposed to healthcare facilities.

The findings affirm the guidance from public health professionals to use precautions similar to those for influenza and other respiratory viruses to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, NIH said.

8 Military field hospitals coming to California to meet projected need for hospital beds

Fairfield Daily Republic, by Glen Faison, March 22, 2020 at 12:45 am
Gov. Gavin Newsom provides an update on the state’s response to the new coronavirus during a press conference in Sacramento, Saturday, March 21, 2020 (Screen grab from video)

FAIRFIELD — Eight U.S. Army medical field units are on their way to California and will be prepositioned to meet an anticipated need for more hospital beds across the state as the new coronavirus sickens more and more people, the governor said.

Gov. Gavin Newsom thanked both President Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence for their role in bringing the medical field units to the state.

“That’s going to provide 2,000-bed capacity for the state of California,” Newsom said.

The announcement came Saturday as Newsom provided an update that touched heavily on the strategic challenges of addressing the spread of the new coronavirus, but also on the human challenges faced by those whose lives have been disrupted.

“This has been a very challenging time,” he said. “At the same time it is a remarkable moment.”

Newsom said a cache of medical supplies has arrived in the state from the federal government and is being distributed – masks, gowns, gloves and the like. Three more similar shipments are expected in the near future. That’s in addition to distributions from the state’s reserve of medical supplies, he said.

Newsom outlined recent actions to enhance the number of hospital beds available throughout the state. And he touched on ways to radically expand the amount of space that can be converted to accommodate additional hospital beds. He gave as examples the conversion of hotel rooms and University of California and California State University dormitories to serve as hospital rooms. He mentioned use of convention centers and county fairgrounds for such purposes.

“I can’t tell you how many sporting leagues, not just owners of teams, in this state have said, you know what? You want our arena? You can have our arena,” the governor said.

The process of testing for exposure to the virus, a process that continues to expand, should be targeted to meet identified objectives, he said.

“The bottom line for us is, we want to know what the spread is. We want to know if we’re bending the curve. We want to know if our stay-at-home orders are effective. That’s fundamentally the point of testing in terms of the broader sample,” Newsom said. “The more specific need for testing is self-evident: to change medical protocols; to address the deep anxieties our seniors have, the people with compromised immune systems. All of them should be prioritized – people that are in the hospitals that have symptoms and most significantly, our caregivers, to make sure they remain healthy throughout this process.”

Newsom advised others, particularly the young, to assume that they have been exposed to the virus and are contagious, even if they do not have symptoms.

“Just use common sense. Be a good neighbor. Be a good citizen,” he said.

Newsom had strong words for young people who are flouting the stay-at-home order and social distancing requirements that are currently in place to help arrest the spread of the virus that causes Covid-19.

“Those young people still out there on the beaches thinking this is a party: Time to grow up. You know, time to wake up,” he said. “Time to recognize it’s not just about ‘the old folks,’ it’s about your impact on their lives. Don’t be selfish. Recognize that you have a responsibility to meet this moment as well.”

The state remains focused on meeting the needs of those who are most vulnerable to the disease, to include seniors and the unsheltered homeless. Part of that is securing motel rooms – up to 51,000 – to house the homeless, and negotiating to secure additional assisted-living beds.

Newsom said the addition of the medical field units as well as agreements to identify and secure almost 1,000 additional hospital beds at specific locations supports the goal to add thousands of beds of capacity to the state’s inventory to meet the projected need.

He said the state has 416 hospitals with a staffed bed capacity of 78,000. Newsom said the state needs 19,500 more beds to meet the state’s midway projections. The hospital system has a surge capacity of a bit more than 10,000 beds, he said.

Newsom said the state will soon turn its focus to the prison system. Solano County is home to California State Prison-Solano and the California Medical Facility, both in Vacaville.

Visitation has already been suspended within the state prison system to help stop the spread of the virus.

“We are working very aggressively to make sure that the folks within that system are getting appropriate support, that those with flu-like symptoms are getting isolated,” he said.

Newsom praised the overall response thus far but said there’s more to do.

“We need more support from the federal government, and I’m very, very encouraged by the conversations we’re having on the USS Mercy, on the conversations we’ve had direct with the president and the vice president on the strategic stockpile and the work that we’re doing not just with HHS but DoD on getting these mobile field hospitals out in the state of California as well.”

Covid-19 in Solano County – yet another one on Saturday, March 21

UPDATE: See today’s latest information


Solano County update on March 21, 2020

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Updates and Resources

2019 Novel Coronavirus
**Please note: the situation changes often, and this page will be updated with the latest guidance. Solano Public Health is committed to consistently sharing all relevant information as we learn it.**

SOLANO COUNTY SHELTER AT HOME ORDER IS IN ALIGNMENT WITH GOVERNOR NEWSOM’S STAY AT HOME ORDER, WHICH WILL REMAIN IN EFFECT UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE

Shelter at Home 101 Guide
Guia para el Refugio en Casa

3-18-20 
Shelter at Home Health Order and Directive
3-18-20 Orden y Directiva de Salud para El Refugio en Casa 

Frequently Asked Questions
Solano Public Health Coronavirus General FAQ
Salud Publica de Solano Coronavirus Preguntas Frequentes Comunes Coronavirus Disease 2019 Basics (CDC)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Information from the State (CDPH)

 Number of Positive Cases in Solano County: 14  – Updated daily at 2pm –

Situation Summary
Effective March 18, 2020, Solano County has issued a countywide Shelter at Home Health Order and Directive to continue protecting the health and safety of our community, clarify directive guidance in accordance with the Governor, and ensure consistent compliance across the County with social distancing and self-isolation measures. These mitigation measures are disruptive, but critical to curb the growing number of cases resulting from community spread, particularly given that most those infected show mild symptoms or no symptoms at all.

Solano County Coronavirus Warm Line
Solano County has a warm line to answer questions from the public about COVID-19:
Call 707-784-8988
Hours (subject to change): 7am-6pm Monday-Friday

Community Resources
Here is a list of community resources available for workers, small business owners, and community members in Solano County
For information, updates and resources from the State of California, visit COVID19.CA.GOV
Here is a list of County public services and programs impacted by COVID-19

Current Guidance and Recommendations for the Community
3-19-20 Guidance for Homeless Assistance Providers

3-18-20 Shelter at Home Health Order and Directive
3-18-20 Orden y Directiva de Salud para El Refugio en Casa

3-18-20 Guidance for Childcare Providers

3-17-20 Guidance and Directives from the State of California
These guidance documents include information for:
• Food, beverage and other services
• Self-isolation for older adults and those who have elevated risk
• Adult and senior care facilities
• Community care facilities
• Food industries
• Gatherings
• Homeless assistance providers
• Immigrant communities

How to Protect Yourself
Visit the CDC for information about how to protect yourself from coronavirus
Take these precautions to stop the spread of germs and prevent respiratory illnesses:
• If your work is not considered an essential service, stay home as much as possible
• Practice social distancing measures when outside and maintain 6ft distance between yourself and others
• Wash hands with liquid soap and water and rub for at least 20 seconds;
• Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve (not your hands) when coughing or sneezing; and
• Stay home if you are sick

What to Do if You are Feeling Sick
If you develop a fever or have lower respiratory symptoms (cough, fever or shortness of breath), first call your health care provider.
Let the provider know that you are experiencing respiratory illnesses before visiting the doctor’s office or emergency room.

Press Releases
3-18-20 Solano County issues shelter at home health order and directive to clarify social distancing measures
3-18-20 El Condado de Solano presenta una Orden y Directiva de Salud para El Refugio en Casa
3-17-20 Solano County Public Health emphasizes the Governor’s measures to promote social distancing
3-15-20 Additional Solano County case of COVID-19 found at Travis Air Force Base
3-01-20 Alameda and Solano Public Health Departments confirm two cases of COVID-19
2-28-20 CDC confirms additional case of COVID-19 due to travel-associated exposure
2-27-20 County Public Health confirms case of COVID-19 through possible community transmission
1-30-20 County Public Health closely monitors novel coronavirus

COVID-19 Fact Sheets, Posters & Graphics
State of California: COVID-19 Videos & Graphics
CDC What You Need to Know About COVID-19 
(English) | (Spanish)
CDC Stop the Spread of Germs (English) | (Spanish)
CDC Life is Better with Clean Hands (English and Spanish)
CDC What to Do If You Are Sick (English) | (Spanish)
Visitor Sign/Post Outside Facilities serving Vulnerable Populations (English)

Information for Providers
Provider Health Alerts

Solano Public Health on Social Media
Facebook: @SolanoCountyPH
Instagram: Solano Public Health

Additional Resources
For the latest updates from the CDC, visit cdc.gov/covid19
For the latest updates from the White House, visit coronavirus.gov
For the latest updates from the State of California, visit covid19.ca.gov

Coronavirus COVID-19: California Governor’s stay at home order and more…

Governor Gavin Newsom Issues Stay at Home Order

Office of Governor Gavin NewsomPublished

SACRAMENTO – Today, Governor Gavin Newsom issued a stay at home order to protect the health and well-being of all Californians and to establish consistency across the state in order to slow the spread of COVID-19.

Click here to read a copy of the Governor’s executive order. The text of the order can also be found here.

Click here to learn more about the order.

Click here to see the Governor’s address to Californians this evening.


All the latest California information on the pandemic can be found at https://www.covid19.ca.gov/.

Latest numbers

As of March 21, 2020 there are 1,224 positive cases and 23 deaths in California. Approximately 25,200 tests had been conducted. This includes the latest numbers California has received from commercial and private labs. At least 12,528 results have been received and another 12,700+ are pending. See the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) for the latest data.

Latest news

March 20, 2020 at 8:56 PM

Governor Newsom Signs Order to Protect Public Health by Expanding Vote-by-Mail Options and Extending Deadlines for Presidential Primary Canvass  

SACRAMENTO – Governor Gavin Newsom today issued an executive order to permit vote-by-mail procedures to be used in three upcoming special elections, protecting public health and safety during the COVID-19 outbreak. The o…

March 20, 2020 at 7:45 PM

Governor Newsom Deploys California National Guard to Help Distribute Food at Food Banks & Protect California’s Most Vulnerable 

Food banks are seeing a shortage in volunteers and experiencing greater need due to COVID-19  Governor calls for California food bank volunteers & launches partnership Neighbor-to-Neighbor campaign with Nextdoor.com …

March 20, 2020 at 12:00 AM

​​​State Officials Announce Latest COVID-19 Facts

The California Department of Public Health today announced the most recent statistics on COVID-19.